![]() ![]() increased work of breathing (increased elastance, increased minute volume requirement).increased minute ventilation (increased in alveolar dead space).collapse/consolidation (increased compression of dependent lung).decreased compliance (surfactant dysfunction, decreased lung volume, fibrosis).increase in dependent densities (surfactant dysfunction, alveolar instabilities).hypoxaemia (V/Q mismatch, impaired hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction).caused by increased binding by plasma proteins and decreased production.decreased activity -> decrease in pulmonary compliance.pulmonary endothelial cells, platelets, interstitial and alveolar macrophages also play important roles in alveolar inflammation.migration of neutrophils into alveoli with activation -> release of oxygen species, cytokines, eicasanoids, proteases -> tissue damage.PF ratio the balance between repair and fibrosing alveolitis.bilateral opacities consistent with pulmonary edema must be present they may be detected on CT or chest radiograph.The term acute lung injury (ALI) has been discarded.Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to increased pulmonary vascular permeability, increased lung weight, and loss of aerated lung tissue with hypoxemia and bilateral radiographic opacities, associated with increased venous admixture, increased physiological dead space and decreased lung compliance. ![]()
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